Titanium Dioxide

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Titanium dioxide is the most stable oxide of titanium, and it can be obtained from either natural or synthetic sources. The material exists naturally in three crystal modifications: rutile, anatase, and brookite. The chemical formula is TiO2, which corresponds to a formula weight of 79.90 Da. The elemental composition is Ti 59.95% and O 40.05%. Naturally occurring titanium dioxide may appear red or reddish brown to black. The color is such because of the presence of iron, chromium, or vanadium contamination, which may amount to 10% of the total titanium content. Synthetically purified titanium dioxide exists as a white, odorless, tasteless powder. This chapter describes the chemistry associated with titanium oxygen systems. Titanium dioxide is very thermally stable and extremely resistant toward chemical degradation; it can partially be reduced when heated in the presence of hydrogen or carbon monoxide, the products being either lower oxides or mixtures of titanium carbide and lower oxides.

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