Abstract
Objectives
Although metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components are defined clinically, those with MetS may have various derangements in metabolic pathways. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the traits of urine organic acid metabolites indicating the metabolic intermediates of the pathways in the subjects with MetS.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 246 men and 283 women in a hospital health check-up setting. Urine organic acid metabolites were assayed via high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses. A high level of each metabolite was defined as the fifth quintile of the distribution.
Results
The subjects with MetS had high levels of pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate, α-ketoisovalerate, α-ketoisocaproate, formiminoglutamate, and quinolinate (odds ratios from 1.915 to 2.809 in logistic models adjusted for age and sex). Among the metabolites, pyruvate, formiminoglutamate, and quinolinate were not independent of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR). Several metabolites were associated with one or more components of MetS and HOMA2-IR.
Conclusions
Urine organic acid metabolites in MetS are characterized in altered carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. MetS shared some traits in insulin resistance. These findings may promote the understanding of the pathophysiology of MetS.
Funding source: Yuhan Co, Ltd.CHA university
Award Identifier / Grant number: 2020-02-020
Acknowledgments
The authors thank to all staffs to help recruiting the subjects, conducting the measurements, and documenting the data in Chaum Life Center. The authors would like to thank Enago for the English language review.
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Research funding: This study was supported by Yuhan Co, Ltd. [grant number 2020-02-020] and Academic Fund from CHA university.
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Author contributions: Study concept and design: JH Haam, YS Kim; acquisition of data: JH Haam, YK Lee, E Suh; analysis and interpretation of data: YS Kim, JH Haam, SW Choi; drafting of the manuscript: YS Kim, JH Haam; critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: YK Lee, E Suh, SW Choi, H Chun; statistical analysis: YS Kim, JH Haam, YK Lee, E Suh, SW Choi; obtained funding: YS Kim; administrative, technical, or material support: H Chun, E Suh; study supervision: YS Kim, SW Choi. All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
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Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.
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Informed consent: Patient consent was waived due to the retrospective design.
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Ethical approval: The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board of CHA Bundang Medical Center (2018-07-026).
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Supplementary Material
The online version of this article offers supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2021-0598).
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