-
Research funding: None declared.
-
Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
-
Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.
-
Informed consent: Not applicable.
-
Ethical approval: Not applicable.
References
1. Reynolds, RM, Padfield, PL, Seckl, JR. Disorders of sodium balance. BMJ 2006;332:702–5. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.332.7543.702.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
2. Malandrini, S, Lava, SAG, Bianchetti, MG, Meani, F, Faré, PB, Camozzi, P, et al.. Which laboratory technique is used for the blood sodium analysis in clinical research? A systematic review. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021;59:1501–6. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2021-0293.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
3. Filippatos, TD, Liamis, G, Christopoulou, F, Elisaf, MS. Ten common pitfalls in the evaluation of patients with hyponatremia. Eur J Intern Med 2016;29:22–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2015.11.022.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
4. Liamis, G, Liberopoulos, E, Barkas, F, Elisaf, M. Spurious electrolyte disorders: a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. Am J Nephrol 2013;38:50–7. https://doi.org/10.1159/000351804.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
5. Palmer, BF, Clegg, DJ. Electrolyte and acid–base disturbances in patients with diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2015;373:548–59. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1503102.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
6. Al-Musheifri, A, Jones, GRD. Glucose interference in direct ion-sensitive electrode sodium measurements. Ann Clin Biochem 2008;45:530–2. https://doi.org/10.1258/acb.2008.008001.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
7. Goyal, B, Datta, SK, Mir, AA, Ikkurthi, S, Prasad, R, Pal, A. Increasing glucose concentrations interfere with estimation of electrolytes by indirect ion selective electrode method. Indian J Clin Biochem 2016;31:224–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-015-0522-0.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
8. Goldwasser, P, Ayoub, I, Barth, RH. Pseudohypernatremia and pseudohyponatremia: a linear correction. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015;30:252–7. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfu298.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
9. Aarsand, A, Fernandez-Calle, P, Webster, C, Coskun, A, Gonzales-Lao, E, Diaz-Garzon, J, et al.. The EFLM biological variation database; n.d. https://biologicalvariation.eu/ [accessed 19 Jul 2022].Search in Google Scholar
10. Wang, S, Zhao, M, Su, Z, Mu, R. Annual biological variation and personalized reference intervals of clinical chemistry and hematology analytes. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022;60:606–17. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2021-0479.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
11. Twomey, PJ. An unusual case of hyponatraemia in diabetic ketoacidosis. J Clin Pathol 2005;58:1219–20. https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.2005.025916.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
12. Milani, GP, Edefonti, V, De Santis, R, Agostoni, C, Spolidoro, GCI, Pelucchi, C, et al.. Disagreement between direct and indirect potentiometric Na+ determination in infancy and childhood. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020;58:e117–9. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2019-0931.Search in Google Scholar PubMed
13. Çuhadar, S, Köseoğlu, M, Çinpolat, Y, Buğdaycı, G, Usta, M, Semerci, T. The effect of extremely high glucose concentrations on 21 routine chemistry and thyroid Abbott assays: interference study. Biochem Med 2016;26:53–60. https://doi.org/10.11613/BM.2016.004.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Supplementary Material
The online version of this article offers supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2022-0766).
© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
