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Trump

A <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2023/02/03/what-is-chinese-spy-balloon-montana/" target=_blank>Chinese surveillance balloon</a> is collecting intelligence over the continental United States “right now,” U.S. officials disclosed Thursday, acknowledging that the Pentagon has been monitoring the craft for several days and briefly considered shooting it down before concluding that doing so posed a safety risk.

The balloon is traveling at an altitude “well above commercial air traffic and does not present a military or physical threat to people on the ground,” Brig. Gen. Patrick Ryder, a Pentagon spokesman, told reporters in a hastily arranged news conference. The North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) continues to track the balloon’s course, but officials would not specify its present whereabouts.

The striking development comes at a time of peak tension between the world powers, and just hours ahead of Secretary of State Antony Blinken’s <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2023/02/04/blinken-china-trip-spy-balloon/" target="_blank">expected departure for Beijing</a>, where he is to hold long-scheduled meetings with senior Chinese officials. The high-stakes visit, Blinken’s first to the country as the United States’ top diplomat, is aimed at stabilizing the U.S.-China relationship — a goal that could become more difficult following the suspected espionage aircraft’s appearance in U.S. airspace.

The State Department did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

In a statement Friday, the Chinese Foreign Ministry called the incursion “unintended.” It identified the craft as a civilian airship “used for research, mainly meteorological, purposes,” and suggested that it had been blown off course. The statement did not specify what’s the ship’s planned route had been.

“The Chinese side regrets the unintended entry of the airship into US airspace due to force majeure,” <a href="https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/xwfw_665399/s2510_665401/202302/t20230203_11019484.html" target=_blank>the statement says</a>. “The Chinese side will continue communicating with the US side and properly handle this unexpected situation.”

Biden wants to avoid a clash with China. Can his top diplomat succeed?

Thursday’s disclosure elicited a furious response from lawmakers in both political parties. Reps. Mike Gallagher (R.-Wis.) and Raja Krishnamoorthi (D.-Ill.), the leaders of a House select committee on China, issued a joint statement saying, “The Chinese Communist Party should not have on-demand access to American airspace.”

“Not only is this a violation of American sovereignty, coming only days before Secretary Blinken’s trip to the [People’s Republic of China], but it also makes clear that the [Chinese Communist Party’s] recent diplomatic overtures do not represent a substantive change in policy,” they said. The incident demonstrates that the threat posed by China “is not confined to distant shores — it is here at home and we must act to counter this threat,” they added.

Some Republicans, though, portrayed the matter as <a href="https://twitter.com/SenTomCotton/status/1621293064424669187?s=20&t=PD5cAde7oLBOgxxbZxjblg" target=_blank>a failure of the Biden administration</a> to secure American airspace. House Speaker Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) characterized it as “destabilizing,” <a href="https://twitter.com/SpeakerMcCarthy/status/1621311735914266626?s=20&t=GveXs5ZxdHNp2fYV__qjug" target=_blank>writing on Twitter</a> that President Biden “cannot be silent.”

McCarthy called on the administration to meet with the Gang of Eight, a panel of lawmakers comprising the top Republican and Democratic leadership in the House and Senate plus the heads of each chamber’s intelligence committee. One official, who like others spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss a sensitive and evolving situation, said Thursday night that staffers in each of those offices were briefed earlier in the day and that additional meetings were offered.

Demetrius Freeman

At the Pentagon, Ryder sought to offer assurances that any threat to U.S. national security was being appropriately managed. “Once the balloon was detected,” he said, “the U.S. government acted immediately to prevent against the collection of sensitive information.” Without elaborating, he noted that similar activity has been observed before — spanning a period of “several years.”

A U.S. intelligence official said after Thursday’s news conference that similar balloons, carrying guidance systems on board, have been detected previously over Hawaii and Guam, a U.S. territory that houses substantial American military assets.

U.S. general warns troops that war with China is possible in two years

The incident, first reported by NBC News, prompted a series of unusual events as the balloon was observed Wednesday over sparsely populated Montana, officials said. The state is home to numerous U.S. nuclear missile silos.

Biden, upon being briefed about the development, requested military options, officials said. Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2023/02/01/united-states-military-base-philippines/" target=_blank>traveling in the Philippines</a>, convened a meeting with senior advisers to assess how the United States might respond, and they at least briefly discussed shooting down the balloon, one official said in a conference call with reporters.

Senior military officers, including Gen. Mark A. Milley, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, advised against such a move, citing concerns that falling debris could put people and property at risk, the senior official said.

The balloon’s flight path takes it over “a number of sensitive sites,” this official said, but it appears it does not have the ability to collect information that is “over and above” other tools at China’s disposal, such as low-orbit satellites. Nevertheless, the Pentagon is taking undisclosed “mitigation steps” to prevent Beijing from gathering additional intelligence.

U.S. reaches military base access agreement in the Philippines

“We know exactly where this balloon is, exactly what it is passing over, and we are taking steps to be extra vigilant so that we can mitigate any foreign intelligence risk,” the official said.

This official acknowledged that, as the Pentagon contemplated how to respond as the balloon was over Montana, civilian flights in the area were halted and U.S. military aircraft, including advanced F-22 fighter jets, were sent to investigate.

“We wanted to make sure we were coordinating with civil authorities to empty out the airspace around that potential area,” the official said. “But even with those protective measures taken, it was the judgment of our military commanders that we didn’t drive the risk down low enough. So we didn’t take the shot.”

Alex Brandon

Before reaching the U.S. mainland, the balloon initially soared above Alaska’s Aleutian Islands and then over Canada, another U.S. official said. It was not clear from where the balloon was launched initially. Canadian officials said <a href="https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/news/2023/02/statement-on-high-altitude-surveillance-balloon.html" target=_blank>in a statement</a> that they were taking steps — “including the monitoring of a potential second incident” — to ensure their country’s airspace is secure.

The U.S. government under successive presidential administrations has identified China as Washington’s top security concern. Washington has sought to expand partnerships in the Asia-Pacific region in response to what officials contend is increasingly aggressive behavior by Beijing. The Chinese government maintains it is the United States that has taken unwelcome and provocative actions, namely through supplying arms to Taiwan. U.S. officials are worried that China intends to invade the self-governing island, which Beijing claims as its own, within the next few years.

On Thursday, with Austin meeting counterparts in the Philippines, the two nations announced a new agreement in which U.S. forces <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2023/02/01/united-states-military-base-philippines/" target=_blank>will receive access to four additional bases in the region</a>, solidifying a months-long effort to expand the Pentagon’s strategic footprint there in an effort to counter China. The plan adds to five other bases already in use for training, staging equipment and runway access under a 2014 Defense Cooperation Agreement.

Japan also has announced <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2023/01/10/us-japan-set-announce-shake-up-marine-corps-units-deter-china/" target=_blank>new security plans</a> with the United States, including the overhaul of a U.S. Marine Corps unit based in Okinawa to serve as an island-hopping force armed with ship-killing missiles.

U.S., Japan plan shake-up of Marine Corps units to deter China

China’s balloon incursion coincides with recent warnings from the U.S. Air Force over proposed Chinese land purchases in North Dakota about 12 miles from a military facility where drone test flights are conducted. The pending deal for a corn milling site has fueled concerns that the purchase is a cover for Chinese surveillance activities. A U.S. interagency committee decided last year it did not have jurisdiction to oppose the sale.

Air Force assistant secretary Andrew P. Hunter took an unambiguous view in a letter released earlier this week by North Dakota’s senators.

“The proposed project presents a significant threat to national security,” it <a href="https://www.hoeven.senate.gov/news/news-releases/hoeven-cramer-air-force-provides-official-position-on-fufeng-project-in-grand-forks" target="_blank">says</a>, “both near- and long-term risks of significant impacts to our operations in the area.” The senators <a href="https://www.hoeven.senate.gov/news/news-releases/hoeven-cramer-air-force-provides-official-position-on-fufeng-project-in-grand-forks" target="_blank">called</a> for the project to be discontinued.

John Hudson, Yasmeen Abutaleb and Shane Harris contributed to this report.

Gerald R. Ford Foundation Prize for Distinguished Reporting on National Defense, presented in 2023 for coverage of the U.S. evacuation from Afghanistan and its aftermath

Major Megan McClung Award, presented by Marine Corps Heritage Foundation in 2023 for coverage of the U.S. evacuation from Afghanistan and its aftermath

Pulitzer Prize for Public Service, presented in 2022 for team coverage of the attack on the U.S. Capitol

Major Megan McClung Award, presented by the Marine Corps Heritage Foundation in 2020 for distinguished reporting about an infantry unit's reintegration into civilian life as the war in Afghanistan wound down

 Colonel Robert D. Heinl Jr. Award, presented by the Marine Corps Heritage Foundation in 2018 for distinguished feature writing and accompanying podcast about a family of brothers in World War II

Major Megan McClung Award, presented by the Marine Corps Heritage Foundation in 2011 for distinguished reporting alongside infantry Marines in combat in Afghanistan

University of Massachusetts at Amherst, BA in journalism

University of Maryland at College Park, master's in journalism

Letters From War

What Really Happened as the U.S. Left Afghanistan

Dan Lamothe joined The Washington Post in 2014 to cover the U.S. military. He has written about the Armed Forces for more than 15 years, traveling extensively, embedding with five branches of service and covering combat in Afghanistan.

Dan Lamothe

2024 Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting, awarded for team coverage of the AR-15's cultural impact

2022 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service, awarded for team coverage of the Jan 6. Capitol attack

Georgetown University

Alex Horton is a national security reporter for The Washington Post focused on the U.S. military. He served in Iraq as an Army infantryman.