Skip to content
Licensed Unlicensed Requires Authentication Published by De Gruyter November 6, 2023

Diagnosis of IRAK-4-deficiency by flow cytometric measurement of IκB-α degradation

  • Glynis Frans ORCID logo , Birthe Michiels ORCID logo , Capucine Picard , Louanne Ampofo , Marc Raes , Jaan Toelen , Giorgia Bucciol , Jutte van der Werff ten Bosch , Leen Moens , Greet Wuyts , Doreen Dillaerts , Jean-Laurent Casanova , Rik Schrijvers , Isabelle Meyts and Xavier Bossuyt EMAIL logo

Corresponding author: Xavier Bossuyt, MD, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; and Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, Phone: +32 16 347009, E-mail:
Glynis Frans and Birthe Michiels contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.

Award Identifier / Grant number: C16/18/007

Award Identifier / Grant number: G0B5120N

Award Identifier / Grant number: ZL36300700

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Anne Puel for critical evaluation of the data and discussions on the method and manuscript.

  1. Research ethics: The study was approved by the ethics committee of the University Hospitals Leuven (S52145, S50799 for control children, S63708 for control adults). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013).

  2. Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from the patients or their parents, from the control children or their parents. Adult controls gave oral or written consent.

  3. Author contributions: The study was concepted and designed by Glynis Frans and Xavier Bossuyt. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Glynis Frans, Birthe Michiels, Louanne Ampofo, and Greet Wuyts. Collection of pediatric healthy controls was supervised by Jaan Toelen. Capucine Picard, Marc Raes, Jutte van der Werff ten Bosch, Rik Schrijvers and Isabelle Meyts supervised the clinical care of the included patients and provided the necessary clinical data. The data was critically reviewed and discussed with Jean-Laurent Casanova. The draft of the manuscript was written by Glynis Frans, Birthe Michiels, Louanne Ampofo, and Xavier Bossuyt. All authors commented on the first version and any version of the manuscript thereafter. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  4. Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  5. Research funding: This work was supported by a research grant from the Research Council of the Catholic University of Leuven C16/18/007 and a IWT-TBM grant (ZL36300700). IM is supported by the Jeffrey Modell Foundation. RS and IM are senior clinical investigators of the Fund for Scientific Research – Flanders. IM is supported by FWO G0B5120 N. IM and RS are members of the European Reference Network for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases -Project ID No 739543.

  6. Data availability: The raw data can be obtained on request from the corresponding author.

References

1. Boisson, B. The genetic basis of pneumococcal and staphylococcal infections: inborn errors of human TLR and IL-1R immunity. Hum Genet 2020;139:981. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-020-02111-z.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

2. Zhang, Q, Lenardo, MJ, Baltimore, D. 30 Years of NF-κB: a blossoming of relevance to human pathobiology. Cell 2017;168:37–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.012.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

3. García-García, A, Pérez de Diego, R, Flores, C, Rinchai, D, Solé-Violán, J, Deyà-Martínez, À, et al.. Humans with inherited MyD88 and IRAK-4 deficiencies are predisposed to hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia. J Exp Med 2023;220:e20220170. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20220170.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

4. Von Bernuth, H, Ku, CL, Rodriguez-Gallego, C, Zhang, S, Garty, BZ, Maródi, L, et al.. A fast procedure for the detection of defects in toll-like receptor signaling. Pediatrics 2006;118:2498–503. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-1845.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

5. Frans, G, Meyts, I, Picard, C, Puel, A, Zhang, SY, Moens, L, et al.. Addressing diagnostic challenges in primary immunodeficiencies: laboratory evaluation of Toll-like receptor- and NF-κB-mediated immune responses. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2014;51:112–23. https://doi.org/10.3109/10408363.2014.881317.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

6. Frans, G, Moens, L, Schrijvers, R, Wuyts, G, Bouckaert, B, Schaballie, H, et al.. PID in disguise: molecular diagnosis of IRAK-4 deficiency in an adult previously misdiagnosed with autosomal dominant hyper IgE syndrome. J Clin Immunol 2015;35:739–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-015-0205-x.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

7. Ku, CL, Picard, C, Erdõs, M, Jeurissen, A, Bustamante, J, Puel, A, et al.. IRAK4 and NEMO mutations in otherwise healthy children with recurrent invasive pneumococcal disease. J Med Genet 2007;44:16. https://doi.org/10.1136/jmg.2006.044446.Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

8. Frans, G, van der Werff Ten Bosch, J, Moens, L, Gijsbers, R, Changi-Ashtiani, M, Rokni-Zadeh, H, et al.. Functional evaluation of an IKBKG variant suspected to cause immunodeficiency without ectodermal dysplasia. J Clin Immunol 2017;37:801–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-017-0448-9.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

9. Schimke, LF, Rieber, N, Rylaarsdam, S, Cabral-Marques, O, Hubbard, N, Puel, A, et al.. A novel gain-of-function IKBA mutation underlies ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency and polyendocrinopathy. J Clin Immunol 2013;33:1088–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-013-9906-1.Search in Google Scholar PubMed

10. Stepensky, P, Keller, B, Buchta, M, Kienzler, AK, Elpeleg, O, Somech, R, et al.. Deficiency of caspase recruitment domain family, member 11 (CARD11), causes profound combined immunodeficiency in human subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013;131:477–85.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2012.11.050.Search in Google Scholar PubMed


Supplementary Material

This article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2023-0999).


Received: 2023-09-08
Accepted: 2023-10-20
Published Online: 2023-11-06
Published in Print: 2024-03-25

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Downloaded on 9.5.2024 from https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/cclm-2023-0999/html
Scroll to top button